Tom WilkasonFrank Pilhofer$Revision: 1.10 $

This TIP proposes the addition of a try...catch...finally command to provide a more robust and powerful exception handling mechanism.

Exceptions are currently supported very well in Tcl, in fact they are a major advantage over many other languages. However the mechanism to catch and handle the errors is someone limited and does not promote the full use of existing error codes. Wrapper procedures can be written to improve on this, however both a performance and compatibility penalty is incurred. This TIP proposes adding a try/catch command to the Tcl core (or C based Tcl library). This implementation is not unlike those found in C++, C#, Java and Python (to name a few languages). An argument to add this to the core is that it modernizes the Tcl exception handling without impacting performance in any other way. try/catch are isolated commands that can easily be added, and do not interact with other commands or require other changes. try/catch is not an isolated extension that is useful for special purposes only. These commands, if implemented into the core, will be useful for any script currently using the catch construct.

I propose the following two commands be added to Tcl: throw command.throw ?type? ?message? ?info?A throw command with type throws an error exception with the errorCode type. The throw command works as the error command, but the arguments are reordered to encourage the use of error-codes. The optional message and info parameters work as they do in the error command.The throw type can be any user defined or built in type, built-in types include POSIX, ARITH, CORE, REGEXP, WINDOWS, NONE, ... The message is optional, and is the same as that issued by the catch command, error -code error "message"An instance of throw with no arguments can be used within a catch block to immediately re-throw the current exception that is being handled by the catch block. When an error is re-thrown in the catch block, the current error is propagated up one level following the evaluation of the finally block (if on exists). Enclosing error handlers can then deal with the error.Note thatICAgIHRocm93IHR5cGUgbWVzc2FnZSBpbmZvis the same asICAgIGVycm9yIG1lc3NhZ2UgaW5mbyB0eXBltry command.try body ?catch {{type_list} ?ecvar? ?msgvar? ?infovar?} body ...? ?finally body?If one or more catch blocks are specified, each corresponding body represents a required block of code that is evaluated if the resulting errorCode matches the type condition. The required body of the finally block is evaluated following the try block and catch block (if any matches).type_list represents a list of glob style patterns used to match eache of the error-code list conditions. A match is declared if the type_list patterns or errorCode elements are exhausted (whichever comes first) and a mismatch has not occurred. If a match occurs, and ecvar is specified, the errorCode list will be stored in ecvar within the local scope prior to executing the body. Moreover, if a msgvar or infovar are specified, the error message and errorInfo contents will be stored in the local context.If an error occurs during the try, and no catch blocks are specified, the offending error is rethrown following execution of the finally block (if specified).If an error occurs during execution of a catch or finally block, this error will take precedence and will propagate upwards with a new stack trace. If an error is rethrown within a catch block, the existing stack trace will be preserved with the rethrown error. This allows later discrimination of the two different error conditions (rethrown vs. unintended).Note, catch {*}, if specified, will catch all remaining errors. If used, it should be placed last since each of the catch blocks are evaluated in the order specified. type is that set in errorCode, and can be any user defined type, or built-in types including POSIX *, ARITH *, CHILD *, CORE, REGEXP, WINDOWS, or NONE.If one or more catch blocks are specified, and no catch block matches the errorCode condition, the error will be propagated up to the next level following evaluation of the finally clause (if specified). An enclosing try block (or catch command) can then be used to handle the error.The finally block is used to perform all the clean up code. The finally body is evaluated whether the error occurs or not, or whether a catch block matched the errorCode. It is also evaluated if a throw statement occurs within the catch clause.

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Added additional ecvar and infovar optional arguments to the catch clause.All uncaught errors are propagated up after execution of the finally block (if specified).Unanticipated errors within a catch or finally block start a new stack trace and are propagated up.Additional info optional argument added to throw for completeness.

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